Current baseline
Google Play's preview-assets guidance currently requires a 512 × 512 pixel, 32-bit PNG app icon with alpha and a maximum file size of 1024 KB. It must also follow Google's icon design specifications.
The store listing icon is not a replacement for the launcher icon. Maintain the correct Android resources separately and verify the latest requirements in Play Console.
Practical checklist
Export from a high-resolution master; make the subject clear at small sizes; remove rankings, price badges, category badges, and other misleading text; then inspect the final 512 × 512 PNG before upload.
Google Play requirements can change. Verify current details in the official Play Console preview-assets guidance and in your Play Console before publishing.